UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2021

OR

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________

Commission File Number 001-38154

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one): [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

The number of shares outstanding of issuer’s common stock, $0.001 par value as of March 16, 2021 is 10,751,881, 2021

INDEX

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared based upon U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. Therefore, they do not include all information and footnote disclosures necessary for a complete presentation of Coda Octopus Group, Inc.’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Coda Octopus Group, Inc. (the “Company”, “Coda Octopus”, “we” or “us”) filed audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2020 and 2019 which included all information and notes necessary for such complete presentation as part of its annual report on Form 10-K filed on January 28, 2021, (“the Form 10-K”). The results of operations for the interim period ended January 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or the entire fiscal year. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2020, which are contained in the Form 10-K. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of January 31, 2021 and the results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the interim periods ended January 31, 2021 and 2020. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company uses the US dollar as the reporting currency for financial reporting. The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s UK-based operations are measured using the British Pound Sterling, Australian based operations are measured using Australian Dollars and Danish based operations are measured using Danish Kroner as the functional currencies. Foreign currency translation gains and losses are recorded as a change in other comprehensive income. Transaction gains and losses generated from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our foreign operations are also included in other comprehensive income.

NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”).

Topic 606 has established a five-step process to determine the amount of revenue to record from contracts with customers. The five steps are:

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION (Continued)

Our revenues are earned under formal contracts with our customers and are derived from both sales and rental of underwater technologies and equipment for real time 3D imaging, mapping, defense and survey applications and from the engineering services which we provide primarily to prime defense contractors. Our contracts do not include the possibility for additional contingent consideration so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential additional variable consideration. Our sales do not include a right of return by the customer.

With regard to our Marine Technology Business (“Products Business”), all of our products are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of the products. To the extent that we also provide services (e.g., installation, training, post-sales technical support etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or are subject to written contracts based on the stand-alone value of those services. Revenue from the sale of services is recognized when those services have been provided to the customer and evidence of the provision of those services exist.

Revenue derived from either our subscription package offerings or rental of our equipment is recognized when performance obligations are met, in particular, on a daily basis during the subscription or rental period.

For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, we recognize product revenue by allocating the transaction revenue to each performance obligation based on the relative fair value of each deliverable and recognize revenue when performance obligations are met including when equipment is delivered, and for rental of equipment, when installation and other services are performed.

Our contracts sometimes require customer payments in advance of revenue recognition. In such instances these are recognized as revenue when the Company has fulfilled its obligations under the respective contracts. Until such time, we recognize this prepayment as deferred revenue.

For software license sales for which any services rendered are not considered distinct to the functionality of the software, we recognize revenue upon delivery of the software. Delivery is deemed when we issue the software activation code.

With respect to revenues related to our Services Business, there are contracts in place that specify the fixed hourly rate and other reimbursable costs to be billed based on material and direct labor hours incurred. Revenue is recognized on these contracts based on material and the direct labor hours incurred. Revenues from fixed-price contracts are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the percentage of costs incurred (materials and direct labor hours) to date to estimated total services (materials and direct labor hours) for each contract. This method is used as we consider expenditures for direct materials and labor hours to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts.

On a quarterly basis, we examine all of our fixed-price contracts to determine if there are any losses to be recognized during the period. Any such loss is recorded in the quarter in which the loss first becomes apparent based upon costs incurred to date and the estimated costs to complete as determined by experience from similar contracts. Variations from estimated contract performance could result in adjustments to operating results.

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION (Continued)

Recoverability of Deferred Costs

In accordance with Topic 606, we defer costs on projects for service revenue. Deferred costs consist primarily of incremental direct costs to customize and install systems, as defined in individual customer contracts, including costs to acquire hardware and software from third parties and payroll costs for our employees and other third parties. The pricing of these service contracts is intended to provide for the recovery of these types of deferred costs over the life of the contract.

We recognize such costs in accordance with our revenue recognition policy by contract. For revenue recognized under the percentage of completion method, costs are recognized as products are delivered or services are provided in accordance with the percentage of completion calculation. For revenue recognized over time, costs are recognized ratably over the term of the contract, commencing on the date of revenue recognition. At each quarterly balance sheet date, we review deferred costs, to ensure they are ultimately recoverable.

Any anticipated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized when evidence indicates the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue.

Deferred Commissions

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consists of sales commissions are deferred and amortized over the period of the contract performance. We classify deferred commissions as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and noncurrent portions of deferred commissions are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets, net, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets. As of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, we had deferred commissions of $0 and $3,884, respectively. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions was $3,884 and $42,816 in the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Other Revenue Disclosures

See Note 14 (“Segment Analysis”) for a breakdown of revenues from external customers and cost of those revenues between our two reporting segments: Product Segment and Services Segment including information on the split of revenues by geography and type.

NOTE 3 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company’s financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and notes payable. The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The aggregate carrying amount of the notes payable approximates fair value as they bear interest at a market interest rate based on their term and maturity.

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates its carrying amount based on the fact that the Company believes it could obtain similar terms and conditions for similar debt.

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 4 – FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

Assets and liabilities are translated at the prevailing exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. Related revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Stockholders’ equity, fixed assets and long-term investments are recorded at historical exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component in stockholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income or (loss) as may be appropriate. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

NOTE 5 – INVENTORY

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (weighted average method) or net realizable value. Inventory consisted of the following components:

NOTE 6 – FIXED ASSETS

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of:

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 7 – OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Other current assets consisted of the following at:

NOTE 8 – ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“US GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues including unbilled and deferred revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings, valuation of stock compensation, valuation of deferred tax assets, evaluation of uncertain tax positions, and the valuation of goodwill and other intangibles.

NOTE 9 – CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts represent accumulated project expenses and fees which have not been invoiced to customers as of the date of the balance sheet. These amounts are stated on the consolidated balance sheets as Unbilled Receivables of $1,311,480 and $861,300 as of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively.

Our current Deferred Revenue of $1,314,467 and $1,006,454 as of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively, consists of billings in excess of costs and revenues received as part of our warranty obligations upon completing a sale, as elaborated further in the last paragraph of this note.

Revenue received as part of sales of equipment includes a provision for warranty and is treated as deferred revenue, along with extended warranty sales and through life support (TLS), which may be purchased by customers. These amounts are amortized over the relevant warranty period (12 months is our standard warranty or 24, 36 or 60 months for extended warranty) from the date of sale. These amounts are stated on the consolidated balance sheets as a component of non-current Deferred Revenue and were $203,648 and $195,022 as of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, respectively.

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 10 – CONCENTRATIONS

Significant Customers

During the three months ended January 31, 2021, the Company had two customers from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenues from these customers was $1,303,807, or 26% of net revenues during the year. Total accounts receivable from these customers at January 31, 2021 was $862,850 or 46% of accounts receivable.

During the three months ended January 31, 2020, the Company had two customers from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenues from these customers was $2,710,008, or 41% of net revenues during the year. Total accounts receivable from these customers at January 31, 2020 was $1,817,725 or 44% of accounts receivable.

NOTE 11 – NOTES PAYABLE

The HSBC loan is secured by a blanket lien on all of the Company’s US subsidiaries. The foreign subsidiaries are each guarantors of the obligations undertaken in the loan agreement.

During the three months ended January 31, 2021, the Company received $526,545 under the Payroll Protection Program, which was initially recorded as long-term debt. As the Company makes qualifying expenditures (as defined), the Company reduces long-term debt and records Other Income. During the three months ended January 31, 2021, the Company recorded $89,971 as Other Income related to the Payroll Protection Program. The remaining amount of Payroll Protection Program funds that had not yet been spent as of January 31, 2021 is $436,574. The Company anticipates using the full $526,545 for qualifying expenditures.

The Company entered into a $4,000,000 revolving line of credit facility with HSBC NA on November 27, 2019, with the interest rate established as the applicable prime rate. The outstanding balance on the line of credit was $0 as of October 31, 2020. This revolving credit line will expire on November 26, 2021 unless renewed by the bank.

NOTE 12 – RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

There have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective that have significance, or potential significance, to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 13 – EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 14 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS

Based on the fundamental difference between the types of our offering, products versus services, we operate two distinct reportable segments which are managed separately. Coda Octopus Products (“Marine Technology Business” or “Products Segment”) operations are comprised primarily of sale of underwater technology sonar solutions, products for underwater operations including hardware and software; and rental of solutions and products to the underwater market. Coda Octopus Martech and Coda Octopus Colmek (“Marine Engineering Business” or “Services Segment”) provides engineering services primarily as sub-contractors to prime defense contractors.

Segment operating income is total segment revenue reduced by operating expenses identifiable with the business segment. Corporate includes general corporate administrative costs (“Overhead”).

The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based upon segment operating income. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of accounting policies.

There are inter-segment sales disclosed in the tables below for informational purposes, but which have been eliminated in our financial statements.

The following table summarizes segment asset and operating balances by reportable segment as of and for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company’s reportable business segments sell their goods and services in four geographic locations:

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 14 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 14 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 14 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 14 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

				For the Three Months Ended January 31, 2021
				Marine				Marine
				Technology				Engineering				Grand
				Business				Business				Total
Total Net Sales by Product Line
	Equipment Sales		$	2,793,487			$	220,957			$	3,014,444
	Equipment Rentals			334,363				-				334,363
	Software Sales			225,222				-				225,222
	Engineering Parts			213,956				856,347				1,070,303
	Services			181,251				224,876				406,127
	Total Net Sales		$	3,748,279			$	1,302,180			$	5,050,459

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 14 -SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

NOTE 15 – PAYROLL PROTECTION PROGRAM

In January 2021, one of our US companies, received $526,545 under the second round of the US Government Payroll Protection Program (“Second Round PPP”) for payroll assistance during the Pandemic. The proceeds from the Second Round PPP will be used to offset US employees’ salaries during the Pandemic. In the Current Quarter the Company utilized $89,971 of the Second Round PPP to defray payroll expense. This amount is recorded in our accounts as “Other Income” and the remaining $436,574 (“PPP Balance”) is recorded as “Long Term Debt”. As we utilize PPP Balance for qualifying expenditures defined under the Program, we will recognize these as “Other Income” thus reducing the amount recorded in Long Term Debt since we expect when utilized for qualifying expenditures defined under the Program, the Second Round PPP will be forgiven.

In the 2020 FY certain of our US companies, received $648,871 under the US Government Payroll Protection Program (“First Round PPP”). The proceeds from the First Round PPP were used to offset US employees’ salaries during the Pandemic. The amount received under the First Round PPP has now been forgiven under the Program. This amount is recorded in our accounts as “Other Income”.

The companies received their First Round PPP loans in April and May of 2020. The companies applied for forgiveness of the loans in September 2020 and the loans were forgiven in November 2020.

CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2021 and 2020

NOTE 16 – COVID-19

The Company faces various risks related to the global outbreak of coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”).

The Engineering Services Business is dependent on its workforce to deliver its products and services primarily to the U.S. and U.K. Governments. If significant portions of the Engineering Services Business’s workforce are unable to work effectively, or if the U.S. or U.K. Government and/or other customers’ operations are curtailed due to illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures, or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Engineering Services Business’s operations is likely to be severely impacted. The Engineering Services Business may be unable to perform fully on its contracts and costs may increase as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. These cost increases may not be fully recoverable either from our customers or under existing insurance policies. At this time, the Company’s management cannot predict with any precision the full extent of the impact which COVID-19 Pandemic will have on the Company, but management continues to mitigate where it can and monitor the situation, to assess further possible implications to operations, the supply chain, and customers. Further, the Pandemic may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, and liquidity in fiscal year 2021.

The Marine Technology Business is dependent on its workforce and/or distributors/resellers to sell and deliver its products and services. Developments such as social distancing, shelter -in- place directives and travel restrictions introduced by governments have impacted the Marine Products Business’s ability to deploy its workforce effectively. These same developments may affect the operations of the Company’s suppliers, customers and distributors/resellers, as their own workforces and operations are disrupted by efforts to curtail the spread of this virus. The Company, being a manufacturing company, in large part is unable to work remotely. The Company’s activities are performed in certain international locations that are also impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. While expected to be temporary, these disruptions will negatively impact the Marine Technology Business’s sales, its ongoing development projects, its results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity in 2021.

NOTE 17 – INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 was (11.8%) and 6.9%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended January 31, 2021, as compared to January 31, 2020 resulted from the US companies having a taxable loss for the three months ended January 31, 2021 compared to a tax gain for the three months ended January 31, 2020.

As of January 31, 2021, we had U.S. federal net operating losses (“NOL”) carryforwards of $1,600,016, which expire in 2029.

NOTE 18 – SUBSEQUENT EVENT

In February 2021, one of our US companies received $122,327 under the Second Round PPP for payroll expenses assistance during the Pandemic. The proceeds of the Second Round PPP received will be used to defray payroll expenses.

NOTE 19 - RECLASSIFICATION OF PRIOR YEAR PRESENTATION

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported consolidated financial statements. An adjustment has been made to the disclosures of the composition of property and equipment.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

The information herein contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact made herein are forward looking. In particular, the statements herein regarding industry prospects and future results of operations or financial position are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “estimates,” “could,” “possibly,” “probably,” anticipates,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” or “should” or other variations or similar words. No assurances can be given that the future results anticipated by the forward-looking statements will be achieved. Forward-looking statements reflect management’s current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Our actual results may differ significantly from management’s expectations.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements, included herewith and the audited financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2021. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.

General Overview

Throughout these discussions, the following terminologies listed immediately below are used and have the meanings ascribed to them in the said table.

“Current Quarter”: Three-month period ended January 31, 2021

“Previous Quarter”: Three-month period ended January 31, 2020

We operate two distinct business operations. These are:

Our Products Business designs, manufactures and sells and/or rents underwater solutions, products and services to the subsea commercial and defense markets. Our product offerings comprise both hardware and software. The Products Business has operations in the USA, UK, Denmark, and Australia. The most significant technology in the Products Business portfolio is its real time volumetric sonar technology which has unique capabilities for both the commercial and defense underwater imaging sonar markets. To our knowledge this is the only sonar in the world with these capabilities. We generate most of our revenues from our real time 3D sonar which includes both hardware and proprietary software. Our products are used primarily in the underwater construction market, offshore oil and gas, offshore wind energy industry, complex dredging, port security, search and rescue, salvaging, defense, shallow water and deep-water mining and marine sciences sectors. Our customers include service providers to major oil and gas companies, renewable energy companies, law enforcement agencies, ports, mining companies, defense bodies, research institutes and universities.

Our Services Business acts primarily as a sub-contractor to prime defense contractors and engineer sub-assemblies which are utilized in broader defense programs. The Services Business has operations in the USA and UK. Its central business model is the design and manufacture of sub-assemblies for utilization into larger defense mission critical integrated systems (“MCIS”). An example of such MCIS is the US Close-In-Weapons Support (CIWS) Program for the Phalanx radar-guided cannon used on combat ships. These proprietary sub-assemblies, once approved within the MCIS program, afford the Services Business the status of preferred supplier for these items. Such status permits it to supply these sub-assemblies and upgrades in the event of obsolescence or advancement of technology for the life of the MCIS program. Clients include prime defense contractors such as Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, Thales Underwater and BAE systems.

Both the Marine Technology Business and Marine Engineering Business have established synergies in terms of customers and specialized engineering skill sets (hardware, firmware and software) encompassing capturing, computing, processing and displaying data in harsh environments.  Both businesses jointly bid for projects for which their common joint skills provide competitive advantage and make them eligible for such projects.

Factors Affecting our Business

Following is a short description of some of the factors that affect our business. For a more detailed discussion of these and additional factors, refer to our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020 that is hereby incorporated by reference.

United Kingdom’s Withdrawal from the European Union (“Brexit”)

The United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union on December 31, 2020. As a result, previous existing rights of freedom of movement of goods, persons, capital and services between the UK and the EU member states have now been removed. The removal of these rights may reduce the demand for our goods and services in the European Union (a major market for our products and services).

Although in the areas of our operation we believe, at this stage, that under the new trade agreement between the UK and EU, there are no trade tariffs or quotas applicable to our products or services, our business is adversely affected by the withdrawal by the UK from the European Union. The full impact of the withdrawal is still unknown, however, some of the immediate areas that we have been impacted since withdrawal include:

We have taken steps to mitigate some of its impact of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union by establishing a Danish based subsidiary, Coda Octopus Products A/S, to maintain a presence in the European Union. We intend to run a large part of our rental business from this office. However, due to the Pandemic, these activities have slowed. We can give no assurance that this in itself would be sufficient to soften the impact of the United Kingdom leaving the EU without a trade deal allowing for access to the EU markets.

Impact of the Coronavirus outbreak (“Pandemic”)

General Impact

Our operations continue to be impacted by the Pandemic.  In particular, our operations are limited due to various levels of restrictions that are imposed by the governments in the countries in which we operate including United States, United Kingdom and Denmark.  For example, since the beginning of January 2021 in the United Kingdom, the government has in place the highest level of restriction which has limited business operations to essential business and restricts staff movement.   Since January we have been operating with limited staff and have been pursuing essential projects.

Government Policies on the Pandemic

Our operations are based in a number of countries, with each country establishing different rules related to the Pandemic including rules on restricting business operations, limiting staff travel work and quarantining rules. This has generally resulted in a much less predictable working environment for planning and delivering customer projects and project cost management. In January 2021, the UK Government introduced the highest level of restrictions with much of the country being in lockdown, thus severely operating as a fetter on business activities. As a result, since January 2021, we have been operating with limited staff and have been pursuing essential projects only.

A large part of our business operations are in the United Kingdom and to this extent we have been severely affected by the current lockdown policy (being a manufacturing Company). A number of other implications are:

Our US operations are also impacted by ongoing uncertainty caused by the Pandemic including disruption to business caused by requirements to close for testing or quarantining.

Impact on Revenues and Earnings

Until the business environment normalizes, we are uncertain as to the extent of the impact the Pandemic will have on our future financial results. In the Current Quarter both the Marine Technology Business and our Engineering Business have been severely impacted by the constraints caused by the Pandemic which in turn has caused a significant reduction in the demand for our goods and services.

Impact on Liquidity, Balance Sheet and Assets

Failure to curb the coronavirus Pandemic in the near future, coupled with the projected downturn in the global economic outlook, may adversely impact on our availability of free cash flow, working capital and business prospects. As of January 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $16 million and for the Quarter ended we generated approximately $30,000 of cash from operations. Based on our outstanding obligations including loans and notes payable, their terms and our cash balances, we believe we have sufficient working capital to effectively continue our business operations for the foreseeable future.

Critical Accounting Policies

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements that have been prepared under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported values of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported levels of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Below is a discussion of accounting policies that we consider critical to an understanding of our financial condition and operating results and that may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2, “Summary of Accounting Policies” of our Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended October 31, 2020.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenues are earned under formal contracts with our customers and are derived from both sales and rental of underwater solutions for imaging, mapping, defense and survey applications and from the engineering services that we provide. Our contracts do not include the possibility for additional contingent consideration so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential variable additional consideration. Our product sales do not include a right of return by the customer.

With regard to our Products Segment, all of our products are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of the products. To the extent that we also provide services (e.g., installation, training, etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or are subject to written contracts based on the stand-alone value of those services. Revenue from the sale of services is recognized when those services have been provided to the customer and evidence of the provision of those services exist.

For further discussion of our revenue recognition accounting policies, refer to Note 2 – “Revenue Recognition” in these consolidated financial statements and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020.

Recoverability of Deferred Costs

We defer costs on projects for service revenue. Deferred costs consist primarily of direct and incremental costs to customize and install systems, as defined in individual customer contracts, including costs to acquire hardware and software from third parties and payroll costs for our employees and other third parties.

We recognize such costs on a contract by contract basis in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. For revenue recognized under the completed contract method, costs are deferred until the products are delivered, or upon completion of services or, where applicable, customer acceptance. For revenue recognized under the percentage of completion method, costs are recognized as products are delivered or services are provided in accordance with the percentage of completion calculation. For revenue recognized ratably over the term of the contract, costs are also recognized ratably over the term of the contract, commencing on the date of revenue recognition. At each balance sheet date, we review deferred costs, to ensure they are ultimately recoverable. Any anticipated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized when evidence indicates the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740). Under ASC 740, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the income tax effects of differences between the bases of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their bases for income tax reporting. The Company’s differences arise principally from the use of various accelerated and modified accelerated cost recovery system for income tax purposes versus straight line depreciation used for book purposes and from the utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the amounts by which the Company’s future income taxes are expected to be impacted by these differences as they reverse. Deferred tax assets are based on differences that are expected to decrease future income taxes as they reverse. Correspondingly, deferred tax liabilities are based on differences that are expected to increase future income taxes as they reverse.

For income tax purposes, the Company uses the percentage of completion method of recognizing revenues on long-term contracts which is consistent with the Company’s financial reporting under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist principally of the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired (or goodwill), customer relationships, non-compete agreements and licenses. Goodwill was allocated to our reporting units based on the original purchase price allocation. Goodwill is not amortized and is evaluated for impairment annually or more often if circumstances indicate impairment may exist. Customer relationships, non-compete agreements, patents and licenses are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of 2 to 15 years. The Company amortizes its limited lived intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. Annually, or sooner if there is indication of a loss in value, we evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets and take into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists.

The first step of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value, which is based on future cash flows, exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, goodwill is reduced by the excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit over that reporting unit’s fair value. Goodwill can never be reduced below zero, if any. At the end of each year, we evaluate goodwill on a separate reporting unit basis to assess recoverability, and impairments, if any, are recognized in earnings. An impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over the implied fair value of the goodwill. There were no impairment charges during the periods presented.

Consolidated Results of Operations

Summary

In the Current Quarter our financial results have been adversely impacted by a number of factors. These are:

In the Current Quarter, the Products Business generated 74% of our consolidated revenues and our Services Segment generated 26% of our consolidated revenues.  

Due to the impact of the Pandemic on our operations and the delay experienced by the Services Business in receiving anticipated backlog orders caused by the change in Administration, the Company’s consolidated financial results in the Current Quarter declined over the Previous Quarters. Consolidated Revenues fell by 24.4%, Gross Profit Margins were marginally stronger in the Current Quarter by 1.6 percentage points, R&D fell by 37.2% and SG&A decreased by 4.1%. Total Operating Expenses fell by 15.0%. Net Income from Operations fell 36.9%.

In the Current Quarter we had a significant financial event. One of our US subsidiaries received  $526,545 under the Government Payroll Protection Program (“Second Round PPP”), as contribution towards offsetting US employees’ salaries during the Pandemic. In the Current Quarter we have applied $89,971 of the Second Round PPP funding to defray payroll expenses and this portion is recognized as “Other Income” in our Current Quarter financial statement. The remaining amount of $436,574 is recorded as “Long Term Debt in our financial statement.

In the United Kingdom, our subsidiaries also received under the UK Government Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme Program (CJRS) payroll assistance of $83,500 for UK employees who were furloughed (imposed by the restriction on movement of people) due to the ongoing Pandemic and the new strain of the coronavirus discovered in the United Kingdom where we have a significant part of our business operations. This amount is recorded in our financial statement for the Current Quarter as a reduction of SG&A expenditures.

Segment Summary

In the Current Quarter the Products Business generated 74% of our consolidated revenues compared to 54% in the Previous Quarter. The Products Business realized an increase in net income before taxes of 7.4%. This was $1,678,218 in the Current Quarter compared to $1,562,000. Revenues generated in the Current Quarter increased by 3.2% and was $3,748,279 compared to $3,632,812. Gross Profit Margin fell by 6 percentage points and was 76.1% in the Current Quarter compared to 82% in the Previous Quarter. Total Operating Expenses fell by 17.5%. A significant financial event for this Segment in the Current Quarter is that it received payroll assistance of $83,500 under the CJRS for UK employees furloughed due to the Pandemic. This is recorded as a reduction of our SG&A expenditures.

In the Current Quarter the Services Business generated 26% of our consolidated revenues compared to 46% in the Previous Quarter. The Services Business’s recorded a loss before income taxes of $163,198 compared to a profit of $450,899 in the Previous Quarter. A significant financial event for this Segment in the Current Quarter is that it obtained $526,545 under the Government Payroll Protection Program (“Second Round PPP”), as contribution towards offsetting US employees’ salaries during the Pandemic. In the Current Quarter we applied $89,971 of this Second Round PPP to payroll expenses and this amount was recognized in our Current Quarter financial statement as “Other Income” and the balance of $436,574 was recorded as “Long Term Debt”. Revenues generated in the Current Quarter declined by 57.3% and was $1,302,180 compared to $3,048,167 in the Previous Quarter. Gross Profit Margin fell by 7 percentage points. Gross Profit Margin fell in the Services Business largely due to the mix of engineering projects. In the Previous Quarter the mix of sales related to manufacturing contracts, while the Current Quarter the mix of sales are based on non-recurring engineering (NRE) projects.  Total Operating Expenses fell by 15.9%. 

Results of Operations for the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter

Revenue: Total consolidated revenues for the Current Quarter and the Previous Quarter were $5,050,459 and $6,680,979 respectively, representing a fall of 24.4%. This decrease is largely due to the decrease in revenues in the Services Segment. Revenues in the Services Segment fell significantly due to both the impact of the Pandemic and delays in receiving back log orders caused by the change in Administration and the slow pace at which government contract procurement cycle is moving due to staff working remotely. Although revenues in the Products Business increased modestly (3.2%), it did not increase at the rate expected largely due to the continued impact that the Pandemic is having on our operations which in turn is reducing the demand for our goods and services.

Gross Profit Margins: Margin percentage was slightly stronger in the Current Quarter at 65.6% (gross profit of $3,314,922) compared to 64.0% (gross profit of $4,274,440) in the Previous Quarter.

Gross Profit Margins reported in our financial results may vary according to several factors. These include:

In the Current Quarter Gross Profit Margins for the Products operations were 76.1% compared to 82.0% in the Previous Quarter. For the Services operation these were 35.4% in the Current Quarter compared to 42.6% in the Previous Quarter. The main reason for the fall in Gross Profit Margins in the Services Business is because in the Current Quarter the revenues generated involve a concentration of non-recurring engineering (NRE) projects. In the Previous Quarter the revenues concentrated around manufacturing contracts.

Since there are more variable factors affecting Gross Profit Margins in the Products Business, a table showing a summary of break-out of sales generated by the Products Business in the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter is set out below:

In addition, in the Current Quarter, Commission paid on Equipment Sales increased to $281,105 compared to $257,307 in the Previous Quarter, representing an increase of 9.2%. We also recognized in cost of sales for the Products Business, in the Current Quarter $73,000 which we attribute to cost of sales associated with the rental assets within our Rental Pool.

Further information on the performance in the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter of each Segment including revenues by product and geography can be found in Note 14 to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Research and Development (R&D): R&D expenditures in the Current Quarter were $583,139 compared to the $928,265 in the Previous Quarter, representing a fall of 37.2%. The reduction in this category of expenditures is in line with our budgetary plans as some activities have been reduced to pace company funded research and development while factors such as the Pandemic and delays in receiving anticipated contracts are considerations for our operations.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A): SG&A expenses for the Current Quarter fell by 4.1% to $1,813,366 from $1,891,678 in the Previous Quarter. In real terms SG&A increased modestly as in the Current Quarter our SG&A is reduced by $83,500 representing payroll assistance received under the UK CJRS for UK staff who were furloughed during the Current Quarter. Without this assistance SG&A in the Current Quarter would have been $1,896,866, reflecting a modest increase of 0.3% over the Previous Quarter.

Key Areas of SG&A Expenditure across the Group for the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter are:

The increase in the “Wages and Salaries” category of expenditure, reflects the increase in the costs of labor in the UK where we have the highest head count of staff particularly in the area of software development, which is a core resource for our Products Business.

The decrease in the “Legal and Professional Fees” category of expenditures is due a decrease in audit and professional fees.

The increase in rent reflects new premises which we have taken on for our Danish operations, as a mitigation strategy for the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union member states. We anticipate that rent will remain at this level.

The decrease in Marketing expenditure is a reflection that we are limited by the marketing activities we can do for our business due to the Pandemic. Conventionally our Marketing expenditures reflect participation in industry trade shows. These events have largely been put on hold.

Operating Income: In the Current Quarter Operating Income fell by 36.9% and was $918,417 as compared to $1,454,497 in the Previous Quarter. The fall in Operating Income is due to the significant fall in revenues realized in the Current Quarter by the Services Business. This was caused by the impact of the Pandemic on our operations compounded by delays in receiving certain backlog defense contracts due to change in Administration. This resulted in the Services Business realizing a loss on operations in the Current Quarter of $248,036 compared to a profit of $454,571 in the Previous Quarter. As a result, Operating Income fell.

Interest Expense: Interest expense in the Current Quarter was $14,514 compared to $19,614 in the Previous Quarter, representing a fall of 26.0%. This is due to reduction in the principal amount outstanding under the debentures held by HSBC and which is in accordance with the agreed repayment schedule. This loan matures in December 2021. Please refer to Note 11 – Notes Payable to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details pertaining to this HSBC Loan for more information on this.

Other Income: In the Current Quarter, we had Other Income of $92,025 compared to $12,824, representing an increase of 617.6% in the Previous Quarter.

In the Current Quarter we recognized as “Other Income” $89,971 which represents a portion of the funding received under the US Government Payroll Protection Program (“Second Round PPP”) and which was applied during the Current Quarter to defray payroll expenses.

Net Income before income taxes: In the Current Quarter, we had a net income before income taxes of $995,928 as compared to $1,447,707 in the Previous Quarter, representing a fall of 31.2%. Net Income includes $89,971 received by one of our subsidiaries under the US Government Payroll Protection Program (“Second Round PPP”). Without this amount Net Income before tax would have been $905,956 representing a fall of 37.4%. The Company’s financial results have been affected by a significant fall in revenues generated by the Services Business due to both the Pandemic and delay in receiving certain backlog orders caused by the change in Administration.

Net Income: In the Current Quarter we had Net Income of $1,128,844 compared to $1,346,773, representing an decrease of 16.2%. Net Income includes $89,971 received by one of our subsidiaries under the US Government Payroll Protection Program (“PPP”). Without this amount Net Income would have been $1,038,872 representing a fall of 22.9%. The Company’s financial results have been affected by a significant fall in revenues generated by the Services Business due to both the Pandemic and delay in receiving certain backlog orders caused by the change in Administration.

Comprehensive Income. In the Current Quarter Comprehensive Income was $2,054,456 compared to $1,431,524 for the Previous Quarter. This category is affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange transactions. With the removal of the uncertainty of the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union (“EU”) following the former withdrawal from the EU and the entering into a trade agreement, the British Pound has stabilized and has strengthened against the US Dollar, and in the Current Quarter we had $925,613, foreign currency translation adjustment compared to $84,751 in the Previous Quarter.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At January 31, 2021, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $22,296,778, working capital of $26,760,987 and stockholders’ equity of $36,625,171. For the Current Quarter, the Company’s operating activities provided cash of $29,714.

The Company entered into a $4,000,000 revolving line of credit with HSBC NA on November 27, 2019, at prime. The outstanding balance on the line of credit was $0 as of January 31, 2021. This revolving credit line will expire on November 26, 2021 unless renewed by the bank.

Financing Activities

Secured Promissory Note

On April 28, 2017, the Company and its US based subsidiaries entered into a loan agreement with HSBC Bank NA (the “Lender”) for a loan in the principal amount of $8,000,000 (the “Loan”). The annual interest rate is fixed at 4.56%. The obligations in connection with the repayment of the Loan are secured by all assets of Coda Octopus Group, Inc., and its US subsidiaries. Our foreign subsidiaries are joint and several guarantors of the obligations. We pay a monthly amount of $43,777 comprising principal and interest repayment. The amount outstanding under this loan as of January 31, 2021 is $447,966. The Note matures in December 2021.